Filing personal income tax in Thailand is a legal obligation for anyone earning income in the country, and understanding the process, including the use of PND forms, ensures compliance with the Thai Revenue Department. Popular forms like PND 1, PND 90, PND 91, and PND 94 are central to this process, as outlined in the Revenue Code of Thailand. At TCG Thailand, we simplify tax filing for individuals and businesses, ensuring accuracy and compliance. This guide details how to file your individual taxes using these forms, referencing key legal provisions to help you stay on the right side of the law.
Who Must File Individual Taxes in Thailand
Under Section 56 of the Revenue Code of Thailand, individuals earning assessable income in Thailand must file a tax return if their income exceeds the tax-exempt threshold. This applies to both residents (those staying in Thailand for 180 days or more in a calendar year) and non-residents. Residents are taxed on worldwide income remitted to Thailand starting from 2024, as per Section 41, while non-residents are taxed only on Thai-sourced income, such as employment, rental, or business income. Assessable income under Section 40 includes wages, dividends, interest, rental income, and capital gains, though exemptions exist, like gains from selling securities on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). If your annual assessable income exceeds THB 60,000 (or THB 120,000 for a married couple), you must file a return using PND 90 (for multiple income sources) or PND 91 (for employment income only).
Popular PND Forms and Their Roles
The Revenue Code mandates several PND forms for individual tax reporting, with the following being the most commonly used:
- PND 1: Under Section 59, employers must file this form monthly to report taxes withheld from employees’ salaries. It’s due by the 7th of the following month (or the 15th if filed online). This form ensures taxes on employment income (Section 40(1)) are reported and remitted.
- PND 90: As per Section 56, this annual return is for individuals with multiple income sources, such as employment, rental (Section 40(5)), or business income (Section 40(8)). It’s due by March 31 of the following year (April 8 if filed online).
- PND 91: Also under Section 56, this annual return is for individuals with only employment income (Section 40(1)). It shares the same deadline as PND 90.
- PND 94: Section 57 requires a mid-year return for income from dividends, interest, or royalties (Section 40(4)(b)–(e)) earned in the first six months of the year. It’s due by September 30 and helps the Revenue Department monitor high-income earners.
Failure to file these forms on time can lead to penalties under Section 83/1: a fine of up to THB 2,000 per late filing, plus 1.5% monthly interest on unpaid taxes.
Tax Rates, Deductions, and Allowances
Thailand’s progressive tax rates, outlined in Section 48 of the Revenue Code, range from 0% to 35%. Income up to THB 150,000 is exempt, while income above THB 5 million is taxed at 35%. For example, an annual income of THB 1 million, after deductions, incurs a tax of THB 64,000. Deductions under Section 47 include a personal allowance of THB 60,000, THB 30,000 per child, and up to THB 100,000 for life insurance premiums. Additional allowances include THB 15,000 for social security contributions (5% of salary, capped at THB 750/month under the Social Security Act) and up to THB 200,000 for investments in retirement mutual funds (RMF). Charitable donations, as per Section 47(7), can be deducted up to 10% of net income, provided you retain receipts.
How to File Your Individual Taxes Step by Step
Filing individual taxes in Thailand involves the following steps, ensuring compliance with the Revenue Code:
- Gather Documents: Collect payslips, withholding tax certificates (50 Bis forms under Section 50(1)), rental income receipts, and other income records (e.g., dividends under Section 40(4)).
- Calculate Taxable Income: Subtract deductions and allowances from your total assessable income (Section 40). Online tools like the Revenue Department’s tax calculator can assist.
- Choose the Right Form: Use PND 90 for multiple income sources or PND 91 for employment income only. If you have mid-year income from dividends or royalties, file PND 94 by September 30.
- File Your Return: Submit your form online via the Revenue Department’s e-filing portal (rd.go.th) or in person at a local tax office. The deadline for PND 90 and PND 91 is March 31 (April 8 if online), as per Section 56.
- Pay Taxes Due: Settle any tax liability via bank transfer, mobile app, or at a tax office. Late payments incur penalties under Section 27 (1.5% monthly interest).
Challenges and Tips for Compliance
Filing taxes can be challenging, especially for expatriates. The e-filing portal is primarily in Thai, though an English option exists, and errors in reporting income under Section 40 can trigger audits. In 2024, the Revenue Department audited 10,000 individual filers, up 15% from 2023, focusing on foreign income reporting under Section 41. To stay compliant, file early, keep records for five years (as required by Section 87/2), and double-check deductions. For non-residents, if your income is below THB 60,000, you may be exempt from filing, but professional advice can confirm this, especially with the 2024 foreign income rule change.
How TCG Thailand Simplifies Tax Filing
At TCG Thailand, we make individual tax filing seamless for both individuals and businesses. Our team handles PND 90, PND 91, PND 94, and PND 1 submissions, ensuring compliance with the Revenue Code. With over 27 years of experience, we maximize deductions—like the THB 190,000 allowance for taxpayers over 65 under Section 47(1)—to reduce your tax burden. Our bilingual support in Thai and English ensures clarity for expats and locals alike, making the process stress-free.
TCG Thailand: Fastest B2B Tax Submission Services
At TCG Thailand, we specialize in B2B tax submission services, ensuring businesses and their employees meet all individual tax obligations in the fastest time possible. We handle bulk filings for PND 1, PND 90, PND 91, and PND 94, delivering submissions with precision and speed. Our advanced systems and dedicated team can complete filings in as little as 24 hours, helping your business stay compliant without delays. Let us manage your tax submissions so you can focus on growth.
